Note if the patient’s affect appears in keeping with the content of their thoughts (known as congruency). Blunted or flat: associated with schizophrenia, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.Heightened: associated with mania and some personality disorders.Patients typically feel like they have no control over their emotions.Ī patient’s intensity of affect may be described as: Labile affect: characterised by exaggerated changes in emotion which may or may not relate to external triggers.Restricted affect: the patient’s affect changes slightly throughout the interview, but doesn’t demonstrate the normal range of emotional expression that would be expected.Fixed affect: the patient’s affect remains the same throughout the interview, regardless of the topic.Range and mobility of affect refer to the variability observed in the patient’s affect during the assessment. Observe the apparent emotion reflected by the patient’s affect. To assess affect, observe the patient’s facial expressions and overall demeanour.
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